Ukuqala kwanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi insimu, kudinga isiqalo esihle: isigaba sokuthola. Ake sigxile kumaphrojekthi we-IT futhi singene sijule kumanuances omsebenzi wocwaningo kulesi sizinda. Sizophinde sibone uma kuba semqoka ukuthi iphrojekthi yakho ingene esigabeni Sokuthola.
Izinjongo Zesigaba Sokuthola
Yonke iphrojekthi ihlukile futhi idinga indlela ethile yokuthuthuka kwayo. Uyibona kanjani indlela elungile yokudalwa komkhiqizo wakho futhi uwuqondanise nendlela efanelekile yokuqalisa? Isigaba sokuthola sisebenza njengekhampasi yokuzulazula kule mibuzo ebalulekile.
Lesi sigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi sinethonya elikhulu empumelelweni yephrojekthi. Ngalesi sigaba, abathuthukisi bahlola amakhono abo, izidingo, kanye nemizamo edingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe inhloso yephrojekthi, baqoqe izimfuneko ezibalulekile zomsebenzi owenziwayo.
Ekugcineni, umgomo uwukwenza umkhiqizo ogcwalisa izifiso zabasebenzisi bokugcina. Lesi sigaba sokuqala sibeka isisekelo sokwabiwa kwesabelomali, siqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi ihlala isesimweni futhi uhlangothi lwezezimali luhlala lusobala kuklayenti.
Isigaba sokutholwa sihlukile kuphrojekthi ngayinye kodwa futhi sincike ezintweni ezivamile ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuxhumana Kwenkampani: Izinga nokujula kwesigaba sokutholwa kuncike ekutheni siqalwa nini phakathi nomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi. Ingasetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlola umbono wakho, isigaba esihlukile sokuhlaziya izici ezithile, noma ukubukezwa kabusha komsebenzi wangaphambili.
- Izinsizakalo ze-IT: Ukubaluleka kwesigaba sokuthola kuyahlukahluka kuzo zonke izinsiza ze-IT, njengoba ichaza izici ezibalulekile zephrojekthi yakho. Inquma ukuthi izinguquko noma izengezo zingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, ihadiwe, ukufundwa komshini, izixazululo ze-IoT, noma ukuqaliswa kwe-firmware, ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile nokuvumelana nezimo.
- Ibhajethi: Izindleko zesigaba sokutholwa ziyinkinga enkulu. Imele izindleko ezengeziwe ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo wakho, kodwa ingaba ithuluzi lokonga izindleko uma usebenza ngezinsiza ezilinganiselwe.
Okulethwa Kwesigaba Sokuthola
Umphumela walesi sigaba uvamise ukuhlanganisa uMbiko weSigaba Sokutholwa, ohlanganisa izincazelo zezindlela ezingase zenziwe, ukuhlekisa ngohlelo, ubufakazi bomqondo, kanye nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe. Lo mbiko ugcizelela okutholakele okubalulekile kanye nezincomo zezingxenye ezithile zesixazululo sakho, ufaka ukuzethemba kumakhasimende mayelana nokulethwa ngesikhathi komkhiqizo nokuhambisana nesabelomali.
Ukubaluleka Kwesigaba Sokuthola
Isigaba sokutholwa sibalwa phakathi kwezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo, nokho ngokuvamile kuhlala kungacacile kumakhasimende. Abanye bakubheka njengokusebenzisa imali okudingekile, kuyilapho abanye bakubheka njengomthwalo ongokwezimali ukweqa.
Kodwa-ke, lesi sigaba siklanyelwe ngokunembile ukwembula ubunkimbinkimbi bephrojekthi, ukunciphisa ubungozi, ukwandisa ukwabiwa kwezinsiza, kanye nokuthola indlela efaneleke kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwesixazululo. Ukunganaki isigaba sokutholwa kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokwandisa imijikelezo yentuthuko, izindleko ezikhuphukayo, umnqamulajuqu ogejiwe, nezinjongo ezingakafinyelelwa.
Izinzuzo Zesigaba Sokuthola
Isigaba sokutholwa sisebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo. Imiphumela yayo iveza izinzuzo eziningi:
- Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemikhiqizo Engafihli: Iqinisekisa inqubo yentuthuko ehleleke kahle futhi esobala.
- Ukunciphisa Ubungozi: The inkampani yesoftware eshumekiwe ihlonyiselwe ukubhekana nezinselele ngempumelelo, ivikele isabelomali.
- Ezinye izindlela: Kungasetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene zokwenza umkhiqizo.
- Ukuhlekisa kanye nobufakazi bomqondo: Ukubona umkhiqizo ngeso lengqondo nokuqondanisa nokulindelwe yizithameli eziqondiwe.
Isigaba Sokuthola Ngezinhlobo Ezihlukene Zephrojekthi
Isigaba sokutholwa siyahluka kuye ngohlobo lwephrojekthi. Isibonelo, izigaba zokutholwa kwesoftware nehardware ziyahlukahluka ngesikhathi, inani lamalungu eqembu ahilelekile, okokusebenza, kanye nezindleko. Kumaphrojekthi wesoftware, ukwazi kahle izidingo zebhizinisi lephrojekthi kubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sigaba siqinisekisa ukuqonda okuningiliziwe kokusebenza okuhlosiwe komkhiqizo futhi kuholela ekwakhiweni kwemibhalo ebekiwe.
Kumaphrojekthi wokufunda komshini (ML), idatha, ukunemba kwe-algorithm, nokucatshangelwa kokuhlanganiswa kubalulekile. Isigaba sokuthola okuphelele sihlose ukuhlonza izinjongo eziyinhloko zephrojekthi kanye nentuthuko engase ibe khona.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwe-hardware ne-firmware, ukwenza izinguquko kungaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi kubize, okwenza isigaba sokutholwa sibaluleke ukuze ube nokuqonda okucacile kwezingqinamba zokuklama, izixazululo ezingaba khona zokuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nezimakethe ezithile eziqondiwe.
Amaphrojekthi we-IoT ahlanganisa isofthiwe, i-firmware, nezingxenye zehadiwe adinga isigaba sokutholwa ngokuphelele ukuze agweme ukwakhiwa kabusha okumba eqolo. Kuhlanganisa ukuchaza injongo yesistimu, izingxenye, ukucaciswa, ukuxhumana, nezinketho zokulondoloza idatha.
Indlela Eshelelayo Yesigaba Sokuthola
Kungenzeka ukuthatha indlela esheshayo esigabeni sokutholwa kwephrojekthi. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole kahle isixazululo sakho kuyo yonke imibono futhi unqume indlela yokuthuthukisa ephumelela kakhulu. Isifanekiso sesigaba sokuthola okushesha singase sibe nezigaba ezilandelayo:
- Ukuqoqa izidingo zokusebenza, izindleko, izici, nezinye izici zomkhiqizo.
- Kubandakanya onjiniyela abanobuchwepheshe obudingekayo eqenjini lesigaba sokuthola.
- Ukwenza ucwaningo ukubhekana nezifiso zeklayenti nokuchaza izindlela zokuxazulula.
- Ukudala i-mockup noma i-Proof-of-Concept.
- Ukuhlanganisa umbiko wesigaba sokutholakala onemininingwane futhi ukwethula kuklayenti.
- Ukwakha imephu yomgwaqo enemigqa yesikhathi, ibhajethi, nezinyathelo ezibalulekile.
- Ukuphothula izinyathelo ezilandelayo ngokuvumelana neklayenti.
Isikhathi sesigaba sokutholwa singasukela emahoreni omuntu angama-40 kuye kwangama-200, kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi bephrojekthi. Ithimba lesigaba sokuthola ngokuvamile lihlanganisa umphathi wephrojekthi, onjiniyela abambalwa, oholayo kwezobuchwepheshe, namalungu avela eqenjini leklayenti. Kodwa-ke, ngezixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma imikhiqizo emisha, singase sibandakanye onjiniyela abengeziwe esigabeni sokutholwa.
Isiphetho
Ukuqala uhambo lokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo omusha noma isici kuwumzamo omakwa yinqwaba yezinselelo nokungaqiniseki. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhlela okucophelela kanye nendlela yamasu, indlela engaphambili ingashintsha ibe umzila oshelelayo futhi osobala. Kule nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, isigaba sokuthola sithatha indawo emaphakathi njengento ebaluleke kakhulu engathonya kakhulu umzila wephrojekthi yakho. Lesi sigaba sokuqala sisebenza njengesisekelo lapho wonke umsebenzi wakhelwe phezu kwaso, futhi ukubaluleka kwawo angeke kweqiswe.
Isigaba sokutholwa sifana nekhampasi ekuholela endaweni ongakayisho, iqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi yakho idlula ebunzimeni kanye nezithiyo engase ihlangabezane nazo. Ngokunikela ngesikhathi nezinsiza kulesi sigaba, uhlomisa ithimba lakho ngolwazi nemininingwane edingekayo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo wephrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza njengesivikelo sokunqanda izingibe ezingaba khona, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhombe futhi unciphise ubungozi ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuthuthukiswa.
Lesi sigaba sokulungiselela asigcini nje ngokuvikela iphrojekthi yakho kodwa futhi sivula indlela yokwethulwa ngempumelelo. Kuphakathi nesigaba sokutholwa lapho uveza khona ububanzi bephrojekthi, uchaze izinjongo zayo, futhi usungule umgwaqo ocacile. Lesi sisekelo sibeka isiteji sokubambisana okungenazihibe phakathi kwamalungu eqembu lakho, siqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uhambisana nemigomo nezigaba ezibalulekile zephrojekthi.
Empeleni, isigaba sokutholwa sisebenza njengesisekelo lapho impumelelo yesikhathi esizayo yephrojekthi yakho yakhelwe phezu kwayo. Kuyi-linchpin eguqula umbono wakho ube yiqiniso elibambekayo nelifinyelelekayo. Ngokutshala imali kulesi sigaba, awongi isikhathi esibalulekile nezinsiza kuphela kodwa futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi uhambo lwephrojekthi yakho lunembayo, lusebenza kahle, futhi, ekugcineni, luyimpumelelo.